Specie: Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)

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LISTA SPECIE

	Eledone cirrhosa
	Eledone moschata
	Loligo vulgaris
	Lophius budegassa
	Lophius piscatorius
	Merlangius merlangus
	Merluccius merluccius
	Mullus barbatus
	Nephrops norvegicus
	Pagellus erythrinus
	Parapenaeus longirostris
	Sepia officinalis
	Solea vulgaris

Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

DISTRIBUTION

BIOLOGICAL DATA

EVALUATION AND EXPLOITATION

Class:

Cephalopoda

Order:

Octopoda

Family:

Octopodidae

English name:

Musky octopus

Local Name:

SQ:	Octopod i eger
HR:	Muzgavac crni
IT:	Moscardino muschiato
SR:	Muzgavac
SL:	Moškatna hobotnica

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Original Scientific Illustrations Archive

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

The mantle of the Musky octopus is smooth or thinly granulose. The head is wider than the mantle. The arms are much longer than in E. cirrhosa. The third right arm of males functions as a hectocotylus; it is shorter than the other arms and has a small ligula. There is one row of suckers on each arm. It has 11 to 12 external gills.
The colour is brownish-grey with large black spots (Fisher et al., 1987; Relini et al., 1999).

DISTRIBUTION

World:
Eledone moschata is a typical Mediterranean species. Its distribution in the Atlantic is limited to the southern coasts of Portugal, the west coast of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Cadiz. It is present along all the Mediterranean coasts at depths between 15 and 200 m, and has a maximum abundance up to 100 m (Relini et al., 1999).

Adriatic Sea:
Gamulin-Brida and Ilijanić (1972) and Grubišić (1982) show it is distributed throughout the Adriatic up to 200 m deep, but the most populated settlements are 50 m deep on sandy and muddy bottoms. In the central and northern Adriatic it is distributed on rugged terrains at depths of 20 to 200 m. The concentration is highest in the north-eastern part (Manfrin Piccinetti and Rizzoli, 1984; Casali et al., 1998).
In the Pomo/Jabuka Pit region, it inhabits mostly shallower and rugged bottoms and the transitional areas (Županović and Jardas, 1989). In the southern Adriatic, (Mandić and Stjepčević, 1981; Mandić, 1984, Pastorelli et al., 1998) it can be found in the more shallow littoral region, mostly up to 80 m deep, while very rarely and in small number in up to 100 m deep. The species is most abundant at a depth of 40 m in the summer period.

BIOLOGICAL DATA

Although this is a commercially very important species, very little is known about its biology in the Adriatic.

Length-weight relationship:

The Mantle Lenght (ML, cm) – weight (g) relationship.

Author	Sex	a	b
Marano, 1993	M+F	0.858	2.389

Mantle lenght (ML, cm) at the first sexual maturity.

Author	Sex	a
Soro and Piccinetti Manfrin, 1989	F	9

Reproduction:
Musky octopus reproduces from winter until spring in the central and northern Adriatic. The highest abundance of the sexually mature specimens is in January and February (Manfrin Piccinetti and Rizzoli, 1984; Casali et al., 1998). In the southern Adriatic, mature males can be found throughout the year, mostly from October to May, whereas mature females can be found in spring. The species lays eggs on solid base (Pinna shells and stones). They measure 5x15 mm (Mandić, 1984). Females reach sexual maturity when their mantle is 9 cm and the oocytes 15 mm long (Soro and Piccinetti Manfrin, 1989).

Manfrin Piccinetti and Rizzoli, 1984, found two age classes in May; juveniles (weight about 50 g – age about five months) and adults (weight about 500 g – age about one year). In November the sex ratio is close to 1 (M/F=0,97).

EVALUATION AND EXPLOITATION

CPUE:
E. moschata is especially abundant in the Northern Adriatic, where in the early winter, bottom trawl yields of up to 53 kg/h were recorded (Manfrin Piccinetti and Rizzoli, 1984).

Biomass/Abundance Indexes:
In the Trieste Bay the catches are from 5,6 to 11,9 kg/haul (Bolje, 1992) and the proportion of the species can be even 55%. In the southern Adriatic (along the Montenegrin coast) musky octopus makes up 36% of the cephalopod biomass (Mandić, 1984). Pastorelli et al., 1995 and Pastorelli et al., 1998 showed that the species made up about 50 % of the entire cephalopod catch in the Italian part of the southern Adriatic. In the period from 1972 to 1997, the annual catch showed marked fluctuations without any clear trend in the northern and central Adriatic (Mannini and Massa, 2000), as did the CPUE values from 1982 to 1991 (Piccinetti and Piccinetti Manfrin, 1994).

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

Gear:
The musky octopus is a commercial species fished throughout the Mediterranean, mainly with bottom trawl nets. Catches made with other gear, such as traps and setnet, are of lesser importance (Relini et al., 1999).

Fisheries statistics:

Eledone spp. capture fishery production (Adriatic Sea*). Data: FAO-FISHSTAT (GFCM (Mediterranean and Black Sea) capture production 1970-2003 (Release date: May 2005) Regional dataset available at ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/stat/windows/fishplus/gfcm.zip.

*According to GFCM definition of statistical sub-areas the Adriatic Sea falls within the area 2.1, thus including only the Northern and Central basins, while the Southern Adriatic basin and consequently the coast of South-eastern Italy and of Albania are included in the Ionian Sea (area 2.2). In order to have as comprehensive a picture as possible of all Adriatic Sea fishery production, Albanian data originally classified as from the Ionian Sea have been included in the Adriatic data set used. Unfortunately, this was not feasible for South-western Italy (Apulia Region).

GENETICS

Scientific name
Common name
Project framework
Sampling (Survey) Development of genetic marker (type & number of markers) Genetic structure (analysed samples, geographic areas) Population units in the Adriatic shared stock Reference associated

Eledone moschata
Musky octopust IPUAS, FAO-AdriaMed √
(MEDITS 2001) √
(microsatellites, genomic library) - - Final report of IPUAS project, AdriaMed (in preparation)

LEGISLATION

n.a.

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