Scientific Cooperation to Support Responsible Fisheries in the Adriatic Sea

SPECIES LIST

Eledone cirrhosa
Eledone moschata
Loligo vulgaris
Lophius budegassa
Lophius piscatorius
Merlangius merlangus
Merluccius merluccius
Mullus barbatus
Nephrops norvegicus
Pagellus erythrinus
Parapenaeus longirostris
Sepia officinalis
Solea vulgaris

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

Lophius budegassa (Spinola, 1807)

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

DISTRIBUTION

BIOLOGICAL DATA

EVALUATION AND EXPLOITATION

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

GENETICS

LEGISLATION

REFERENCES

Class:  Actinopterygii
Order:  Lophiiformes
Family:  Lophiidae
English name:  Black-bellied angler
   
Local Name: 

SQ:

 Zhabe deti

HR:

 Grdobina žutka

IT:

 Budego

SR:

 Grdoba

SL:

 Mala morska spak

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Original Scientific Illustrations Archive

SPECIES DESCRIPTION

The form of Lophius budegassa is very similar to Lophius piscatorius, its head is proportionally less wide, the skin endings on the body's brim are less developed, the caudal shaft is longer and thinner, and the peritoneum is black. At the end of the first dorsal spine, there is a fleshy appendage which is a simple pennant-like flap.

The colour is yellowish-brown to pink-grey. Sometimes it has dark stains or white spots (Fisher et al., 1987; Jardas, 1996; Relini et al., 1999).

Morphology data:
The number of rays, in particular fins, is the following: D1: VI, D2: 8-10, A: 8-9, P: 20-24, V: 6.

DISTRIBUTION

World:
This species is distributed in the eastern Atlantic (from England and the North Sea to Senegal) and in the entire Mediterranean.

Adriatic Sea:
The Black-bellied angler is widespread in the Adriatic Sea, in the Croatian channel regions, and in the open sea. It is more abundant than L. piscatorius. Their ratio is 1:5,7 in favour of L. budegassa according to the data of the “Hvar” expedition, and 1:1,74 according to data from the middle Adriatic for the 1956-1967 period (Jardas, 1987).

Habitat:
This is a demersal fish. It lives on soft bottoms, but does not prefer any specific type of sediment (Tortonese, 1975, Fisher et al., 1987; Jardas, 1996).

According to the Jardas (1987), the depth range of L. budegassa is between 13 and 404 m. Most individuals, however, were fished between 90 and 170 m. Therefore, it is quite likely that this species prefers depths between 90 and 170 m (Jardas, 1987). In the southern Adriatic, Merker and Ninčić (1973) recorded L. budegassa at depth between 20 and 500 m. In the central Adriatic, L. budegassa was fished more intensively in the north-eastern edge of the Pomo/Jabuka Pit and in the transitive areas towards the channels, whereas in the deepest central areas it was either not fished or only few specimens were noted (Jukić, 1975; Županović and Jardas, 1989).

Bottom preferences:
Although some authors find that the catches are larger on muddy bottoms (Jukić and Crnković, 1974; Grubišić, 1982), what seems to be decisive for the distribution of the species is not the type of sediment, but the depth (Jardas, 1987, Županović and Jardas, 1989).

BIOLOGICAL DATA

Size:
The biological and ecological characteristics of this species like those of L. piscatorius, have in general been poorly studied in the Adriatic. Šoljan (1948) showed that the maximum length of L. budegassa did not exceed 80 cm. Similar data were reported by Grubišić (1982), Bini (1968-70), Tortonese (1975) and Jardas (1996). In the study of Jardas (1987), the length of specimens in the sampled population was from 4 to 74 cm, and juveniles were predominant. Specimens with lengths corresponding to those in the early stages of the benthic way of life were found in channels as well as in the open sea. This shows that the species reproduces in both regions (Jardas, 1987). The percentage of adults was higher in the channel regions than in the open sea (Županović and Jardas, 1989).

Length-weight relationship:
The Total Length (TL, cm) – weight (g) relationship.

Author Sex a b

Jardas, 1987

M+F (juveniles) 0.0190 2.089
M+F (adults) 0.0123 3.024

Spawning:
This species spawns at the end of spring and in the beginning of summer. Specimens are pelagic until several centimetres long (Jardas, 1996).

Length at the first sexual maturity:

Jardas (1987) analysed the length-weight relationship of the black-bellied angler in the Adriatic. He found the inflexion point at lengths of 33 and 34 cm, which can be correlated to the length at the first sexual maturity (weight 480-570 g).

Total Length (Lm, cm) at the first sexual maturity. 

Author Sex

(Lm, cm)

Jardas, 1987

M+F 33-34

Feeding behaviour:
By analysing the stomach content of the species, Jardas (1987) found that the bulk of the food was made up of fish (Trisopterus minutus capelanus, Argentina sphyraena and M. merluccius the most), then cephalopods and occasionally crustaceans.

EVALUATION AND EXPLOITATION

CPUE:
n.a.

Biomass/Abundance Indexes:
This species is, in general, not abundant in the Adriatic; with only few specimens occurring in a haul (
Jukić, 1975; Jardas, 1987). During the expedition MEDITS 1996-1998 in the central and northern Adriatic, the average catch was 5,68 kg/km2, thus the proportion of the species in the total demersal fish catch was about 2%. It was lowest in the surface to 50 m stratum (1,73kg/km2), and highest from 100 to 200 m (8,36 kg/km2) (Vrgoč, 2000).
By comparing the catch of this species during the “Hvar” and MEDITS expeditions in the same area of the open central and northern Adriatic, the same author found that the catch had been 8,55 kg/km2 during the expedition “Hvar” and 6,67 kg/km2 during the expedition MEDITS.

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

Gear:
In the Adriatic, the black-bellied angler is fished primarily with bottom trawl nets. However other tools are also used as well (trammel-nets, for example).

Fisheries statistics:
n.a.

GENETICS

 

Species

Relevant genetic results

Population biology and ecology issues

Genetic diversity Genetic differentiation
Lophius budegassa

Number of alleles. 3-8 (mean)
Heterozigosity: 12%-61% (mean 38%)
HWE fitting: 16.7%
The Adriatic samples showed low polymorphism and several cases of highly significant deviations from the HWE

Fixation indices among Adriatic samples were high and deviated significantly from the values expected under the panmixia.
The Adriatic samples were genetically heterogeneous and fragmented

The Adriatic stock appeared to be genetically heterogeneous
The low level of genetic differentiation could be explained by the low
dispersal ability of this species
The genetic disequilibrium observed could be interpreted as the result of the admixture of genetically different samples (Walhund effect).
An alternative approach or maybe integrated (with morphology) is recommended to obtain reliable data on the population units and structure.

 

Scientific name

Common name

Project framework

Sampling (Survey) Development of genetic marker (type & number of markers) Genetic structure (analysed samples, geographic areas) Population units in the Adriatic shared stock Reference associated

Lophius budegassa

Black-bellied angler GenPopAdr, MiPAF
(MEDITS 2002)

(microsatellites, 6 optimised loci)

(3; NA,MA,SA)

The stock is genetically strongly fragmented
Final report of GenPopAdr 6A24project , MiPAF
Garoia et al. 2003.

LEGISLATION

Minimum size:

 

Species (local or common name)

Species (scientific name)

Minimum size in cm or
minimum weight in kg

ALB:
n.a.

Zhabe deti

-

-

CRO:
The Order of 1998 (145/98) and amended by the Order 101/02 on the Protection of Fish and Other Marine Organisms was adopted to determine the minimum sizes of certain species of fish.

Grdobina

Lophius spp.

-

ITA:
The self-executing rules of Reg. EC 1626/1994 establish the minimum size to protect juveniles.

Budego

Lophius spp.

30 cm

SCG:
The minimum size is laid down (Table 7) as follows: (2. Decree on prohibition of capture and trade in fish juveniles, undersized fish and other marine organisms no. 10/2004).

Grdoba

Lophius budegassa

-

SLO:
n.a.

-

-

-

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